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From 1984 to 2007, he was teaching astrophysics at Geneva University for undergraduate courses at the department of physics as well as post-graduate ones at the department of astronomy. For years prestigious astronomers had been looking for them in vain!
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2019 was awarded "for contributions to our understanding of the evolution of the universe and Earth's place in the cosmos" with one half to James Peebles "for theoretical discoveries in physical cosmology", the other half jointly to Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz "for the discovery of an exoplanet orbiting a solar-type star"
To cite this section MLA style: Michel Mayor – Nobel Lecture. He has been jointly awarded the 2019 Nobel Prize in Physics along with Professor James Peebles and Professor Didier Queloz. Michel Gustave Édouard Mayor (French pronunciation: [miʃɛl majɔʁ]; born 12 January 1942) is a Swiss astrophysicist and professor emeritus at the University of Geneva's Department of Astronomy. He is co-laureate of the 2019 Nobel Prize in Physics along with Jim Peebles and Didier Queloz, and the winner of the 2010 Viktor Ambartsumian International Prize and the 2015 Kyoto Prize. “It is a fantastic recognition of the task accomplished by Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz; it shows the rigour of their scientific approach, but also their creativity and ability to think – and work – outside the box, a true pathway to great discoveries. To test that possibility, at the end of his PhD he decided to develop a new specific spectrograph to measure stellar radial velocities. As a result of constant improvements to his high dispersion spectrographs Mayor’s work has significantly contributed to the discovery of “super-Earth” planets with mass greater than that of Earth.The PhD of Michel Mayor was devoted to the search of evidence of spiral structure in the Milky Way in the velocity distribution of stars close to the Sun. This was the start of his interest in stellar kinematics. This spectrograph, built at the Haute-Provence Observatory, reached a level of precision permitting to detect extra-solar planets.Since 2007, Michel Mayor is Emeritus Professor at Geneva University. This spectrograph revealed the large occurrence of the subpopulation of super-Earths on tight orbits, challenging the scenarios of planetary formation. This year’s Laureates have contributed to answering fundamental questions about our existence. Having obtained a master in physics at Lausanne University, he moved to astrophysics and get interested in the dynamics of spiral galaxies.Part of a large survey, with Didier Queloz, one of his graduate students, they have detected, in 1995, the planetary companion to the solar-type star 51 Pegasi: this was the first detection of an exoplanet. In the frame of the IAU (International Astronomical Union) Michel Mayor chaired the Commission on the “Structure and Dynamics of the Galactic System” (1988-1991), as well as the new Commission devoted to “Extra-solar planets” (2006-2009).In 2000, Michel Mayor took the lead for the construction of a new spectrograph: HARPS, optimized to search for very low mass planets. “We were so excited to have found an exoplanet, says Didier Queloz. But I’d say this is really a textbook discovery” Immediately after the announcement, Professor Randall…New perspectives on our place in the universe The Nobel Prize in Physics 2019 rewards new understanding of the universe’s structure and history, and the first discovery of a planet orbiting a solar-type star outside our solar system. Thanks to the accuracy of its measurements (15m/s), Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz spotted a stellar object in 1994 that circled his star in 4.2 days.
He formally retired in 2007, but remains active as a researcher at the Observatory of Geneva. Photo: A. MahmoudPrize motivation: "for the discovery of an exoplanet orbiting a solar-type star. He was naturally driven to study small mass companions to stars analogous to our Sun. “No one knew whether exoplanets existed or not,” recalls Michel Mayor. He was also active in ESO (the European Southern Observatory), being the Chairman of the Scientific and Technological Committee of that organization (1990-92) and the Swiss delegate to the Council of ESO (2003-2007).Twenty years after the discovery of 51Peg b, Michel Mayor is still very active to detect and characterize exoplanets, devoting a large fraction of his time as a member of his group of research as well as inspiring other teams. From 1998 to 2004, Michel Mayor was Director of the Geneva Observatory. Gregg Semenza answers the following questions (the links below lead to clip on YouTube): – What was your childhood like? This task is fulfilled by the PlanetS National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR), which brings together the centres of excellence dedicated to the study of exoplanets, of which UNIGE is a pillar.
“Indeed, the technologies to enable such a discovery did not exist at the time and it was necessary to wait for the Elodie spectrograph (alias super-Coravel), put into service in 1993 on a 2m diameter telescope in Haute-Provence.